![]() ![]() The new polity experimented with federalism as the Granadine Confederation (1858) and then the United States of Colombia (1863), before becoming a republic-the current Republic of Colombia-in 1886. Independence from the Spanish Empire was achieved in 1819, with what is now Colombia emerging as the United Provinces of New Granada. The Spanish first landed in La Guajira in 1499, and by the mid-16th century they had colonized much of present-day Colombia, and established the New Kingdom of Granada, with Santa Fé de Bogotá as its capital. Spanish is the official language, although English and 64 other languages are recognized regionally.Ĭolombia has been home to many indigenous peoples and cultures since at least 12,000 BCE. Its rich cultural heritage -including language, religion, cuisine, and art-reflects its history as a colony, fusing cultural elements brought by mass immigration from Europe and the Middle East, with those brought by the African diaspora, as well as with those of the various Indigenous civilizations that predate colonization. It covers an area of 1,141,748 square kilometers (440,831 sq mi), and has a population of around 52 million. Other major urbes include Medellín, Cali, Barranquilla, Cartagena, Santa Marta, Cúcuta, Ibagué, Villavicencio and Bucaramanga. The Capital District of Bogotá is also the country's largest city hosting the main financial and cultural hub. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuela to the east and northeast, Brazil to the southeast, Ecuador and Peru to the south and southwest, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and Panama to the northwest. Ĭolombia ( / k ə ˈ l ʌ m b i ə/ ⓘ, /- ˈ l ɒ m-/ Spanish: ⓘ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country mostly in South America with insular regions in North America. ^ The official Colombian time is controlled and coordinated by the National Institute of Metrology.English is also official in the archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina. ^ Although the Colombian Constitution specifies Spanish ( Castellano) as the official language in all Colombian territory, other languages spoken in the country by ethnic groups – approximately 68 languages – each is also official in its own territory.
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